Since ancient times, humans have used hydraulic pumps or water mills to grind them through water trucks installed on rivers. Some people envisioned: "If the water pumped up by the waterwheel is used to push the waterwheel, so that it does not need a river, can the waterwheel not always run?" (below). If this idea is realized, the dream device (waterwheel) that provides the power source (water) to run alone will be born. This is an example of a permanent waterwheel developed by people in the 17th century. A German technician, Bechler, introduced in his book, the waterwheel (H in the picture), pushing the right grinding (M) through the gears. At the same time, push the left device (Q) to send water to a high place. The purpose is to push the water to the upper part to push the waterwheel again. It is envisaged that in this case, the waterwheel will be able to operate spontaneously. Like this waterwheel, a device that can operate spontaneously without external force and without providing fuel is called a "perpetual motion machine." In the second half of the 16th century, the study of perpetual motion was once popular in Europe. But the reality is cruel, and no one has succeeded. A perpetual motion machine is a machine that violates the law of conservation of energy. Once the machine is started, it can run permanently without any energy. However, this kind of machine does not exist. Although from around the world, all countries in the world have tried to create perpetual motion machines, because perpetual motion machines violate scientific common sense, they can only be a machine of fantasy. There have been some perpetual motion scams in the world: In 1714, the German Orfilius claimed to invent a perpetual motion machine called the automatic wheel, which rotated sixty revolutions per minute and raised the height of the 16 kilogram object by a considerable height when he announced this After the news and the public experiment, the name is noise throughout Germany. Orfilius took a lot of money by showing the automatic wheel. Eventually, due to the dispute between the wife of Orfilius and the maid, the maid was exposed in anger. The original automatic wheel relied on the maid who was hidden in the wall of the room to pull the cable. Running, the whole incident is a scam. In 1984, Wang Hongcheng, a resident of Harbin, China, claimed to invent the perpetual motion machine. He used his perpetual motion machine to drive his own washing machine, electric fan and other devices. Soon the scam was debunked. His model of perpetual motion machine was driven by a hidden button battery. The electric motor, while the washing machine and the electric fan are running, are hidden wires in the ground, and this person is also imprisoned. Because today's technology is not enough, human development has not yet reached this kind of technology, so it does not support the development of perpetual motion machines. After a few hundred years, there will be real perpetual motion machines. Today, anthropology is the law of natural law of conservation of energy. Ignorance, there will be perpetual motion, time will prove everything, we can only comply with the current era, prohibit invention Because dynamic friction consumes energy, the perpetual motion must move, while the energy is conserved. If the action is to be consumed, it cannot be conserved, so the perpetual motion machine cannot exist. The absence of a perpetual motion machine is determined by the law of conservation of energy. Under ideal conditions, the cross rotation device you describe can be rotated after being artificially rotated. The ideal state here means no external damping, no friction. State, and the reference system is the inertial frame of reference, but this device is still meaningless, because the device is sentenced to death without damping, and the perpetual motion we need is the actual outward output power. That is to say, it is practical to drive other devices like the motor, but it is obvious that when other devices are driven, it will be damped by the outside world for the so-called permanent motion system! ! Therefore, even in the ideal state, perpetual motion is impossible to achieve. The reason why perpetual motion cannot be achieved is that energy cannot be produced out of thin air. It is certainly possible to put steel balls on each branch, but that is not a perpetual motion machine. It is a person who puts steel balls up and the potential energy of the steel balls is given by people. If no one is going up, the steel ball will not run on it. If you think that the steel ball will move upward due to the gravity of the steel ball on the other side, why is the steel ball on the other side not moving upward due to the gravity of the steel ball on the other side? If both sides move up, does that mean that the steel ball will fly by itself? This is a perpetual motion machine designed by someone, but where should it go? Some famous scientists have also developed the perpetual motion machine. The British chemist Robert Boyle (1627–1691), who is known for his theory of Boyle's law (which describes the relationship between gas volume and pressure), developed the “Boyle forever†using capillary phenomenon. "(See below). The capillary phenomenon is due to the surface tension of the water, and the water surface rises along the wall of the container. Therefore, in this perpetual motion machine, water is sucked up by a thin glass tube. However, will water circulate? No, water does not leave the vessel wall and continuously flows out of the tube. As shown in the figure below, the iron ball placed in it can generate a moment that rotates the disk clockwise. Some people think that as long as it is pushed down clockwise, the disc will continue to rotate. However, the counterclockwise torque and the clockwise moment of the inner ball are balanced overall. Therefore, as soon as he pushes his hand off the disc, it stops spinning. As shown in the figure below, the iron ball attracted by the magnet climbs up the track and falls from the hole. Can it climb the track again and repeat the movement? In fact, if the magnet is strong, the iron ball will be sucked directly onto the magnet, or directly into the hole and then stopped in a position where the magnetic force and the sliding force are balanced. If the magnet is weak, the iron ball probably won't climb the track. As shown below. The floats that are strung together, only the floats on the right are buoyant, can they keep turning counterclockwise? Pressing the float into the bottom of the sink requires a greater force than the water pressure it receives at the bottom of the sink (assuming that the bottom will leak). The buoyancy of the float in the sink (the force that causes the device to rotate counterclockwise) is no greater than the water pressure it receives. These are examples of the various perpetual motions that people have developed. Regardless of the use of gravity, capillary phenomenon, magnetic force or buoyancy as the power source, it ended in failure. The Renaissance painter Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), who was deeply involved in science, also painted sketches of perpetual motion, but he concluded that “such a device is impossible†. The perpetual motion of the perpetual motion machine is to transfer its own energy to the outside, which is equivalent to being able to generate energy and continuously provide energy to the outside. This clearly violates the law of conservation of energy that neither increases nor decreases energy. Before the concept of energy was established, just as rivers promoted waterwheels, people's mainstream understanding is that everything in nature is capable of spontaneous movement. Therefore, people assume that nature will certainly produce an energy for people to use, and its product is the study of perpetual motion. The emergence of the law of conservation of energy negates all previous perpetual motions that spontaneously produce energy. The perpetual motion of violating the "law of conservation of energy" (the first law of thermodynamics) is called "the first type of perpetual motion machine". These perpetual motion machines are all first-class perpetual motion machines. 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